Miscarriage: what to know, what to expect, and where to get help

Finding out you’ve had a miscarriage is shocking and painful. Here I’ll explain the most common causes, typical symptoms, when you need urgent care, and basic medical options—plain and practical, no scare tactics.

Most first-trimester miscarriages happen because of chromosomal problems in the embryo. That isn’t anyone’s fault. Other causes include hormonal issues, uterine abnormalities, infections, blood clotting conditions, and lifestyle factors like smoking. Age matters: miscarriage risk rises after 35 and goes up more after 40.

Symptoms vary. Heavy bleeding with large clots, severe cramps, passing tissue, and sudden loss of pregnancy signs are common. Some people have spotting or mild cramping and later find the pregnancy is no longer viable on ultrasound. If you had positive home pregnancy tests that stop rising or go negative, follow up with a doctor.

When to seek medical help

Call or go to an emergency room if you have very heavy bleeding (soaking a pad in an hour), fainting, severe pain not helped by over-the-counter meds, fever over 38°C (100.4°F), or signs of infection like a bad-smelling discharge. If you’re anywhere unsure, get a check—better to be seen than wait.

For non-urgent cases, your clinic may offer an ultrasound and blood tests to check hCG levels. Those tests tell whether the pregnancy is progressing, missed, or failed. Sometimes doctors recommend waiting a short time because a very early pregnancy can still change. Expect clear explanations and options from the care team.

Medical options and medicines

There are three typical paths after a confirmed miscarriage: expectant management (wait for natural completion), medical management, or surgical treatment. Medical management commonly uses misoprostol, sometimes with mifepristone, to help the uterus expel tissue. These medicines are effective and often used at home with clear instructions and follow-up. Surgical options like vacuum aspiration are quick and appropriate when bleeding is heavy or if someone prefers a faster resolution.

If infection is suspected, doctors may give antibiotics. Pain is usually managed with ibuprofen or acetaminophen. Avoid aspirin unless your provider tells you otherwise, because it can increase bleeding. If you’re on blood thinners or have clotting disorders, mention that—your care will be tailored.

Emotional care matters as much as physical care. Many people feel grief, guilt, or relief after a miscarriage. Talk to supportive friends, family, or a counselor. Support groups—online or local—help many people feel less alone.

Thinking about future pregnancies? Most people who have a miscarriage go on to have healthy pregnancies. Your doctor can discuss when to try again based on your health and any tests you might need. If you’ve had repeated miscarriages, you may be referred for further testing to check for underlying issues.

If you need help finding medication, affordable pharmacies, or reliable information, look for licensed providers and verified online pharmacies. Ask for written instructions when you receive meds and confirm follow-up plans with your clinic. You deserve clear care, honest answers, steady support every step of the way.