Inhalers: Practical Guide to Types, Use, and Care

Inhalers are the most common way to treat breathing problems like asthma and COPD. They deliver medicine straight to the lungs, work fast, and usually cause fewer side effects than pills. But using an inhaler badly can waste medicine and leave you short of breath. This guide focuses on simple, practical steps to pick the right device, use it correctly, and keep it working when you need it most.

Know the types. Metered-dose inhalers spray a measured dose of drug and often need a slow deep breath. Dry powder inhalers release medicine as you inhale faster and harder. Soft mist inhalers make a fine mist that’s easier to inhale for some people. Long-acting inhalers, like formoterol, control symptoms over hours and are used daily. Short-acting rescue inhalers stop an attack quickly.

Get your technique right. For a metered-dose inhaler: shake it, breathe out fully, place the mouthpiece in your mouth or use a spacer, press the canister as you start a slow deep breath, keep breathing in for three to five seconds, then hold your breath for about ten seconds. With a dry powder inhaler: exhale away from the device, seal your lips around the mouthpiece, inhale fast and deep, then hold your breath. Practice with your healthcare provider until you do it smoothly.

Use a spacer if you struggle with coordination. A spacer holds the spray so you can inhale it easier and cut down on throat irritation. Spacers are especially helpful for kids and older adults.

Check dose counters and prime when needed. Many inhalers have counters that show how many doses are left. Throw away empty inhalers; they may feel like they still work but the dose is gone. Follow priming instructions on a new inhaler — that step makes sure you get the right dose.

Keep inhalers clean and stored properly. Wipe the mouthpiece weekly with a damp cloth and let it dry. Store inhalers at room temperature and avoid leaving them in hot cars. If your inhaler gets wet or you drop it, check the manufacturer instructions.

Watch for side effects and signs your inhaler isn’t enough. Common side effects include a dry mouth, throat irritation, or a mild tremor. If you need your rescue inhaler more than twice a week, your long-term control may need adjusting. Seek medical advice if symptoms worsen, rescue doses increase, or you get repeated nighttime symptoms.

Travel and safety tips. Carry your inhaler in your carry-on bag, keep a written action plan, and pack any spacers or spare devices. If you buy inhalers online, use reputable pharmacies and keep prescriptions current.

Good inhaler habits make a big difference. Use the right device, master the technique, keep devices clean, and check doses. Do that, and your inhaler will be ready when you need it.

If a new inhaler seems to work less well, ask your doctor about checking inhaler technique, changing medication, or getting a spacer. Small tweaks often cut attacks and help you breathe easier every day for life.